Next-gen grid infrastructure is smart

Smart grids enhance electricity generation, transmission, and consumption with digital technology while improving efficiency and boosting grid reliability through real-time monitoring.

Smart grid technologies facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydropower into the electricity grid. Traditional grids struggle with the intermittent nature of renewables, smart grids use advanced forecasting systems and real-time monitoring, such as supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, to balance supply and demand effectively, reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions.

Smart grids enable distributed generation, producing electricity closer to consumption points using small-scale sources like rooftop solar panels and small wind turbines. Microgrids and distributed energy resource management systems (DERMS) enable this decentralised generation, resulting in reduced transmission losses, enhanced grid resilience, and the empowerment of consumers to become prosumers.

Electricity transmission

Smart grid technologies improve grid reliability by incorporating advanced sensors and communication systems. Real-time monitoring and fault detection through systems like phasor measurement units (PMUs) and synchro phasors allow utilities to respond swiftly to issues, minimising downtime. These technologies provide data that helps maintain grid stability and prevent blackouts.

Smart grids promote the modernisation of ageing electrical infrastructure. Data analytics and machine learning through systems like asset health monitoring (AHM) and predictive maintenance platforms optimise asset management and predict maintenance needs. This proactive approach extends the lifespan of grid components, reduces operational costs, and enhances electricity delivery reliability.

Electricity consumption

Smart grid technologies promote energy efficiency and effective load management through demand response systems. Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and automated control systems like Energy Management Systems (EMS) enable dynamic electricity demand management. The consumer gets incentivised to reduce or shift their usage during peak periods, alleviating grid stress and reducing the need for additional power plants. This integration encourages the adoption of smart appliances and home automation systems that adjust operations based on real-time grid conditions, reducing energy waste.

Smart grids empower consumers with real-time information about their energy usage through smart meters and home energy management systems (HEMS). This transparency encourages energy conservation and enables informed decisions about consumption patterns. Time-of-use pricing and other dynamic pricing models allow consumers to save money by adjusting their usage based on price signals.

The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) presents challenges and opportunities for smart grids. Smart grid technologies manage EV charging loads through EV charging management systems and provide vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capabilities. V2G allows EVs to supply power back to the grid during peak demand, acting as distributed energy storage and enhancing grid stability.

Smart grid technologies transform electricity generation, transmission, and consumption, making power systems more efficient, reliable, and sustainable. By integrating renewable energy sources, enhancing grid reliability, empowering consumers, and advanced infrastructure management, smart grids pave the way for a cleaner and more resilient energy future. The continued development and adoption of these technologies are crucial to addressing the global energy challenges of the 21st century.

Authored by Milind Solanki, Vice President, EY 

Contributed by Soumya Doddamani